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Treatment of signs of androgenisation in women such as severe acne (involving inflammation or nodularity, or risk of scarring) where prolonged oral antibiotics or local treatment alone has not been successful, or idiopathic hirsutism of mild to moderate degree. Laila-35 ED will also provide effective oral contraception in this patient group. If the hirsutism has only recently appeared, or has lately intensified to a considerable extent, the cause (which might be an androgen producing tumour or an adrenal enzyme defect) must be clarified by differential diagnosis.

Lamictal is an anti-epileptic drug for the treatment of partial and generalised seizures in adults and children. There is extensive experience with Lamictal used initially as “add-on” therapy. The use of Lamictal has also been found to be effective as monotherapy following withdrawal of concomitant anti-epileptic drugs. Initial monotherapy treatment in newly diagnosed paediatric patients is not recommended. Lamictal is indicated for the prevention of depressive episodes in patients with bipolar disorder.

Lamotrigine Aspen is an antiepileptic drug for the treatment of partial and generalised seizures in adults and children. There is extensive experience with lamotrigine used initially as add-on therapy. The use of lamotrigine has also been found to be effective as monotherapy following withdrawal of concomitant antiepileptic drugs. Initial monotherapy therapy in newly diagnosed paediatric patients is not recommended.

Congestive heart failure - Lanoxin is useful regardless of whether the failure is predominantly of the left or right ventricle, or involves both sides of the heart. It is particularly useful in heart failure resulting from chronic overload (hypertension, valvular lesions, atherosclerotic heart disease) in which the supply of energy is not impaired. Lanoxin does not cause major benefit in situations in which the metabolic energy supply is compromised as in thyrotoxicosis, hypoxia, and severe thiamine deficiency. Atrial fibrillation - Because Lanoxin depresses conduction in the atrioventricular bundle, producing a slower ventricular beat, it is valuable in atrial fibrillation. It will frequently convert atrial flutter into fibrillation and, upon withdrawal of the drug, normal sinus rhythm may be restored. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia - Lanoxin may relieve or prevent an attack, but its use in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia is dangerous.

Congestive heart failure - Lanoxin is useful regardless of whether the failure is predominantly of the left or right ventricle, or involves both sides of the heart. It is particularly useful in heart failure resulting from chronic overload (hypertension, valvular lesions, atherosclerotic heart disease) in which the supply of energy is not impaired. Lanoxin does not cause major benefit in situations in which the metabolic energy supply is compromised as in thyrotoxicosis, hypoxia, and severe thiamine deficiency. Atrial fibrillation - Because Lanoxin depresses conduction in the atrioventricular bundle, producing a slower ventricular beat, it is valuable in atrial fibrillation. It will frequently convert atrial flutter into fibrillation and, upon withdrawal of the drug, normal sinus rhythm may be restored. Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia - Lanoxin may relieve or prevent an attack, but its use in paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia is dangerous.

Acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Less commonly, chronic granulocytic (myelocytic, myeloid, myelogenous) leukaemia. Although superior results are generally obtained with busulphan (Myleran) in the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. LANVIS may be useful during blast crises or periods of thrombocytopenia induced by busulphan or other therapy. A degree of cross resistance exists between LANVIS (thioguanine) and Puri-Nethol (mercaptopurine) and generally it is not to be expected that patients who no longer respond to mercaptopurine will respond to thioguanine or vice versa. Unlike mercaptopurine the detoxification of LANVIS is not dependent on xanthine oxidase, hence therapy with LANVIS is not affected by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol (Zyloprim). Recent evidence suggests that LANVIS is particularly useful in concurrent or sequelist combination with other antineoplastic drugs, e.g., cytosine arabinoside. Not effective for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or solid tumours. The aim of therapy is to achieve normal appearance of the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is recognised, however, that in treating acute leukaemia, one may not always be able to achieve complete remissions and must be satisfied with partial improvement.

Treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses. Short-term treatment, alone or in combination with lithium or valproate, of acute manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder.

Preventing recurrence of manic, mixed or depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder.

Relief of pain in acute gout. Colchicine should not be used unless NSAIDS are contraindicated, or have been used and found to lack analgesic efficacy or to have unacceptable side effects in the individual patient. Colchicine is not an analgesic and does not provide relief from other types of pain.

Treatment of Hodgkin's disease, certain forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia, advanced ovarian adenocarcinoma. LEUKERAN has a significant effect in a proportion of patients with breast cancer.

Use in epileptic patients aged 4 years and older, initially as add-on therapy, in the treatment of partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalisation.

Treatment of major depression.

Suppression of voluntary muscle spasm in: • Multiple sclerosis • Spinal lesions of traumatic, infectious, degenerative, neoplastic and unknown origin, causing: - skeletal hypertonus - spastic and dyssynergic bladder dysfunction

Lip-Eze provides protection from wind, sun and cold and relieves dry chapped lips. Lip-Eze helps protect lips from harmful UV rays and aids in the prevention of skin cancer.

Hysterosalpingography; lymphangiography; urethrography; radiography of the seminal vesicles, vas deferens and epididymis; nasal sinuses (for which purpose dilution to one- half or one-third strength with liquid paraffin or a suitable vegetable oil is generally advised); dacryocystography; sialography and the exploration of sinuses, fistulae, etc. It has also been used in the form of a 20% emulsion for the X-ray examination of empyema cavit ies .

• 1. As an adjunct to diet for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Prior to initiating therapy with pravastatin, secondary causes of hypercholesterolaemia (eg, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, dysproteinemias, obstructive liver disease, other drug therapy, alcoholism) should be identified and treated.
• 2. LIPOSTAT is indicated in patients with previous myocardial infarction including those who have normal (4.0 - 5.5 mmol/L) serum cholesterol levels.
• 3. LIPOSTAT is indicated in patients with unstable angina pectoris.
• 4. LIPOSTAT is indicated as an adjunct to diet and lifestyle modification for the treatment of Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescent patients aged 8 years and older.

LITAK is indicated for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia and the second line treatment of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstro?m’s Macroglobulinaemia), i.e. after failure of alkylating agents.

The indications for lithium therapy may be summarised as follows: It is given for mania, both as treatment and prophylaxis; manic depressive (bipolar) illness, both as treatment and as prophylaxis; it is less effective in depressive swings. In recurrent endogenous (unipolar) depressive illness, it is highly effective as prophylaxis in a number of cases, and is probably useful as treatment, especially if there is a family history of manic depressive illness and response to lithium. In some cases of schizo-affective illness and so called chronic schizophrenia it is dramatically effective. Those in the latter category who do respond have frequently had affective symptoms at some time. It is used in character or personality disorders in young people with clear evidence of cyclothymia. Lithium should not be prescribed until it is certain that the manic depressive swings are established and the course of the disease certain. If the patient has two effective swings in one year, perhaps in opposite directions, and associated with a positive family history, it should certainly be seriously considered. With 3 episodes in two years, there is no doubt it should be given. As a general rule, it should be prescribed and therapeutic response assessed, satisfactory maintenance dosage determined, side and toxic effects and associated precautions discussed with the patient and relatives and blood levels monitored, only under specialist supervision except perhaps in isolated areas. A major management problem also, is that there are relatively narrow distances between the therapeutic and toxic dosages and blood levels. For these reasons treatment is preferably commenced on an in-patient basis, so that the patient is under appropriate observation.

Treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis.

The combined use of leflunomide with other disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has not been adequately studied.

Lunava is not indicated for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis or psoriasis (whether or not associated with manifestations of psoriatic arthritis).

Treatment of acute angina pectoris. As well as relieving the pain of an acute attack, it may be used prophylactically before physical exertion or mental stress which would be expected to produce an anginal attack.